International Seminar on Plant Protection

Effect of liquid organic and guano fertilizer on growth and yield of edamame in ultisol soil

2025-05-21T02:52:31+00:00

Edamame soybean is a plant rich in benefits, has a high protein content, and can be harvested when young. The purpose of this study was to get the best Interaction with the application of banana peel LOF and guano fertilizer on the growth and yield of edamame soybean plants in ultisol soil, to get the correct dose of banana peel LOF on the development and yield of edamame soybean plants in ultisol soil, and to get the proper dose of guano fertilizer on the growth and yield of edamame soybean plants in ultisol soil. The results showed that the Interaction of the doses of banana peel LOF and guano fertilizer was not able to give a real effect. Dosing of banana peel LOF was able to give a real effect on the height and number of plant leaves but gave a temporary negative effect on each observation variable. The design of this study used a Randomized Complete Group Design (RAKL) with two factorials, namely the dose of banana peel LOF and guano fertilizer. Factor I is the dose of banana peel LOF consisting of P1 = 0 liter/ha, P2 = 125 liter/ha, P3 = 250 liter/ha P4 = 375 liter/ha. Factor II is guano fertilizer consisting of K1 = 0 ton/ha, K2 = 0.5 ton/ha, K3 = 1 ton/ha. From the treatments used, 12 treatment combinations were obtained, and each treatment was repeated 3 times so that 36 experimental units were obtained with a plot size of 1.6 m x 1.2 m. The results showed that the Interaction of the doses of banana peel LOF and guano fertilizer was not able to give a real effect. Dosing of banana peel LOF had a tangible impact on the height and number of plant leaves but had a temporary negative effect on each observation variable. The dose of banana peel LOF significantly affected the height and number of plant leaves but negatively impacted each observation variable temporarily. The Interaction between banana peel LOF and guano has not been able to influence all observation variables significantly.

Response of Potato Crops Grown at Medium Altitude to Gamma Fays Irradiation and CCC Application

2025-05-21T02:47:48+00:00

Growing crops at medium elevation in Indonesia may face problems related to high temperature, which inhibits tuber formation and growth, resulting in lower number and smaller size of tuber . It might be overcome by planting heat-tolerant cultivars and/or providing a package of technology suitable for the area. In this respect, greenhouse experiments to evaluate the effects of gamma rays (0, 30, 60 Gy) and CCC (0, 600 ppm) on crop growth and tuber production were conducted. Potato seeds were irradiated by gamma rays, planted in polybag filled with 10 kg of sterile media, a mixture of top soil and manure (4:1, v/v), and sprayed with either CCC or TPS. The crop growth and tuber production were observed. The results showed that 60 Gy delayed tuber emergence, killed most of the seeds planted, reduced tuber formation, and inhibited tuber growth. In contrast, 30 Gy promoted crop growth and tuber production. The application of CCC significantly inhibited crop growth, but did not promote tuberization. There was no significant interaction between gamma rays irradiation and CCC or TPS on affecting crop growth. However, the interaction significantly affected potato yield components. We concluded that the best gamma ray irradiation for potato seeds was 30 Gy. Higher dosage was detrimental, reducing plant growth, dan yield.

Diversity and Mechanism of Inhibition of Trichoderma sp. Against Fusarium sp. Durian Plant Pathogen

2025-05-21T02:30:58+00:00

Durians are plants that are widely cultivated in Indonesia because they have many benefits and delicious taste. It was reported that there was a decrease in durian fruit production due to leaf blight caused by the fungus Fusarium sp. Environmentally friendly control efforts use antagonistic agents such as the fungus Trichoderma sp. be one of the right solutions in controlling the disease. The purpose of this study were to explore the diversity of Trichoderma sp. in the rhizosphere of durian plants and evaluating the inhibition mechanism of Trichoderma sp. against Fusarium sp. The research was carried out in December 2021 - May 2022 at the PT. Pamorganda North Bengkulu and Laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu. The results showed that the main disease in durian plants was leaf blight caused by the fungus Fusarium sp. From the rhizosphere of healthy durian plants, 16 isolates of Trichoderma sp. had been isolated, which belongs to the species T. atroviridae, T. aurioviridae, T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viridae. Percentage of inhibition of Trichoderma sp against Fusarium sp. were ranging from 93.3 – 97.7% with the mechanism of inhibition were competition for space, nutrients and oxygen; antibiosis, lysis and parasitism.

Population Dynamics of Insect Pest on Commercial Growing of White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

2025-05-21T02:23:58+00:00

One of the main constraints in commercialization of the mushroom production was the damage caused by insect pests. One of condition for controlling insect pests properly is understanding the population dynamics of these insect pests. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of pest populations in the white oyster mushrooms growing house. The research was conducted in the white oyster mushroom growing house located in Cisarua Village Cisarua District West Bandung Regency, at an altitude of 1,350 meters above sea level, with monthly temperature between 17-24 ^oC. The white oyster mushrooms growing house area was 8 m x 5 m, consist of 5 shelves, with each shelf consist of 5 levels. The research method used is the survey method. The survey was conducted to collect insect samples for every week at 2-10 weeks old after planting. Insect collection was done using water yellow pan traps. The results showed that insect biodiversity in white oyster mushroom was very low (0.64). Only three species of insect pests and one predator species were found, namely Cyllodes bifacies, Libnotes immaculipennis, Bradysia ocellaris, Euborellia spp. respectively. The highest population density found at white oyster mushroom age of 2, 3, and 10 weeks, with total population densities of 249, 210, and 235 adult insects respectively, while the lowest population density found at 4 weeks with a total population density of 83. The pest population in white oyster mushroom is dominated by B. ocellaris, with total population of 1,036.

New Public Governance Through Co-Production by Sociopreneur Actors: A Case Study of the Sustainable and Independent Tourism Village of Pulesari, Sleman, Yogyakarta

2025-05-20T23:54:43+00:00

Collaborative governance, which involves citizen actors as representatives of the third sector in public development and service delivery, is increasingly gaining relevance and recognition in addressing public issues. This study aims to examine and describe the role of third-sector actors, particularly citizen sociopreneurs in the framework of New Public Governance. These actors serve as key drivers of co-production, leading to the establishment of Pulesari as an independent and sustainable tourism village, especially amid the limitations faced by the government in terms of capacity, institutional support, and budget constraints. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation, with the researcher acting as the primary instrument. The study focuses on the development of Pulesari Tourism Village from its inception until the research period (2023–2024), involving two key sociopreneur informants considered representative and instrumental in the success of non-governmental co-production efforts within the context of public governance and agro-tourism service delivery. Qualitative data analysis was carried out through data collection, reduction, verification, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the initiative to develop the tourism village began even before its formal establishment in 2012, particularly in response to the devastating eruption of Mount Merapi, which severely damaged local salak plantations. Leveraging existing social capital, sociopreneurs initiated the economic co-production of tourism goods and services. This effort was subsequently supported by the broader Pulesari community, enabling local recovery and progress, which in turn led to improved social welfare. The sustained success of Pulesari as a self-reliant and sustainable tourism village underscores the vital role of sociopreneur actors. Accordingly, this study contributes to the scholarly discourse on New Public Governance by highlighting the significance of third-sector roles especially community sociopreneurs in service co-production and offers potential policy insights for future tourism village development strategies.

Phenology Phenology Study of Pod Formation and Determination of Physiological Maturity Age on Seed Quality in 5 Genotipes of Winged Bean Plants (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus L.)

2025-05-15T04:54:29+00:00

The kecipir plant is an undertilized crop, the kecipir plant can be cultivated as a source of protein. Efforts to obtain quality seeds by knowing the right physiological maturity age. The exact age of physiological maturity can be seen from the phenology of pod formation on physiological characters with the characteristics of changes in color and fruit size (length and width) in kecipir pods. The study was conducted by observing each population of 5 genotypes, each genotype population consisting of 30 plants. Seed quality research was conducted using a completely randomized design repeated 8 times with treatment on each of the 5 genotypes of kecipir: color changes in pods not added to the harvesting day, color changes in pods plus 5 days of harvesting age and color changes in pods plus 10 days of harvesting age. The results showed there were variations in different harvesting ages in the ages obtained are as follows: NSM 2.1.1, Kpj 1.1.1.1, PTL 2.1.2.1, and KePM 2.2.2 genotipes: (53 HSP,58 HSP,63 HSP), while in MML 1.4.2.1 genotipe: (48 HSP,53 HSP,58 HSP). The treatment of discoloration on pods not added to the day of harvesting age or age 48 HSP on MML 1.4.2.1 genotipe and age 53 HSP on NSM 2.1.1, Kpj 1.1.1.1, PTL 2.1.2.1, and KePM 2.2.2 genotipes showed the best age with average yield values, moisture content of 10.36%, weight of 100 grains 56.75 g, seed diameter 9.80 mm, germination 92%, growth speed 42.49% and growth uniformity 56.75%. The optimal harvesting ages varied among genotypes, with the best results observed at 48 HSP for MML 1.4.2.1 and 53 HSP for NSM 2.1.1, Kpj 1.1.1.1, PTL 2.1.2.1, and KePM 2.2.2. At these ages

Growth and Production of Glutinous Corn Plants (Zea mays ceratina L.) Hybrid Kumala Variety on Planting Media Combination Compost of Cashew Shell and Cow Manure

2025-05-15T04:12:34+00:00

Glutinous corn has the potential as a source of food diversification and industrial materials so that its productivity needs to be increased. This study aims to determine the differences in growth and production of glutinous corn plants from each treatment and to obtain a dose that has a better effect on the growth and production of glutinous corn plants. This study was conducted on May-September 2021 in Jati Bali Village, Ranomeeto Barat District, South Konawe Regency. The design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with treatment a combination compost of cashew nut shell and cow manure consisting of five levels, namely without compost (K0), 5 t ha^-1 (K1), 10 t ha^-1 (K2), 15 t ha^-1 (K3) and 20 t ha^-1 (K4). Each treatment was repeated three times. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, cob weight per plant, cob length, cob diameter, dry seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and production. The results showed that the treatment had a very significant effect to all variables of growth and production of glutinous corn plants. The combination dose of cashew shell and cow dung that gave a better effect on the growth and production of hybrid glutinous corn of the Kumala variety was 20 t ha^-1.

Community Socio-Economic Model for Environmental Conservation in Post-Coal Mining Fragmented Forests

2025-05-13T03:35:04+00:00

Coal mining causes significant environmental degradation and socio-economic impacts, necessitating a sustainable approach to post-mining conservation. This study develops a community-based socio-economic model for environmental conservation in fragmented post-mining forests using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that perceptions of environmental conservation have a significant positive impact on socio-economic conditions (+0.740, p = 0.000), while expectations for area management and socio-economic challenges are not significant (-0.013, p = 0.886). The model explains 54.2% of the variation in socio-economic conditions, with external factors such as education and environmental experiences also playing a role. Aligning policies with local community interests is crucial for successful conservation. This study highlights the importance of a multisectoral approach integrating environmental and socio-economic policies to support sustainable community well-being.

Response of Several Doses of Gamma Rays on the Growth of Sugar Palm Plant (Arenga pinnata Merr)

2025-05-11T20:25:29+00:00

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) is a plantation crop that has great potential in improving the economy of a region because every part of the sugar palm plant can be utilized. The main problem with sugar palm crop is that many still grow wild in the forest. Therefore, one solution that can overcome this problem is to produce quality sugar palm seeds with the help of technology such as gamma rays and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to produce quality sugar palm mutants. The method of this research was carried out by carrying out two stages, namely 1) selection of sugar palm seed mutants with drought-resistant characters and 2) selection of sugar palm seed mutants with early maturity characters. In this stage 1 research, a factorial randomized block design (RAK) was used consisting of two factors, namely the dose of gamma ray radiation and sugar palm varieties. The first factor is the dose of gamma ray radiation consisting of 6 levels, namely 0 Gy (b0), 4 Gy (b1), 6 Gy (b2), 8 Gy (b3), 10 Gy (b4), and 12 Gy (b5). The second factor is the aren variety, consisting of 2 levels, namely parasite (v1) and local lebak (v2). In stage 2 using DNA. the study showed The results of that gamma ray radiation with a dose of 6 Gy (B2) gave the best effect on the parameters of plant height, leaf width, number of leaves. There was no interaction between the gamma ray radiation dose treatment factor and the aren variety.

Characterization of Cocopeat Growing Media from Coconut Coir using Fermentation Process

2025-05-12T06:03:30+00:00

One of the wastes of the coconut industry is cocopeat, which comes from about 70% of the coconut fibre. Cocopeat is composed of cellulose (23-43%), hemicellulose (19.25%), lignin (35-45%), as well as pectin (3%) and tannin. This material has a high water absorption capacity and contains micronutrients, so it has the potential to be processed as a growing medium. However, the high tannin content in cocopeat may inhibit nutrient absorption by plants. In addition, the high carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio is also an obstacle. Therefore, a fermentation process was carried out to reduce the C/N ratio and tannin content. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of fermented cocopeat by examining the effect of bioactivator type and concentration on tannin content and C/N ratio. The study used a nested Randomised Group Design (RAK) with two factors, namely the type of decomposer (EM4, M21, and Tangguh) and the concentration of decomposer (30 mL/kg, 35 mL/kg, and 50 mL/kg cocopeat). Parameters analysed included pH, C/N ratio, tannin, content, and FTIR analysis. Data were analysed using SPSS 27 software with the Two-Way ANOVA test, and the determination of the best treatment was done with the Multiple Attribute Zeleny method.The results showed that the pH value was in the range of 5.7-6.2, the C/N ratio was 109.26-154.64, and the tannin content was between 2.65-8.40%. The best treatment was obtained from the EM4 decomposer type with a concentration of 30 mL/kg cocopeat, resulting in a pH of 5.7, a C/N ratio of 109.26, and a tannin content of 2.65%. This study concluded that fermented cocopeat has the potential as an environmentally friendly growing medium, supporting sustainable agricultural practices.

Reduction of Inorganic N Fertilizer with Slow Release Fertilizer Based on Activated Bentonite in Shallot Cultivation in Coastal Area

2025-05-11T14:25:29+00:00

Coastal saline soils present significant challenges for crop production due to their high porosity, so urea fertilizers must be given in high doses. This study aims to reduce the use of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers in shallot cultivation in coastal saline land with slow-release fertilizers with activated bentonite matrix. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a combination of urea (U) and slow-release fertilizers (SRF) with a dose of 195.5 kg ha-1 N in different proportions, namely: (100% recommended Urea), (80% U + 20% SRF), (60% U + 40% SRF), (40% U + 60% SRF), (20% U + 80% SRF) and (100% SRF). The results showed that shallots planted with SRF showed growth performance (plant height, number of leaves, leaf greenness, fresh root weight and dry root weight) and yield (number of tillers, bulb weight per clump, dry bulb weight per clump, weight per bulb, number of bulbs per clump and bulb diameter) equal to those planted with recommended dose of urea fertilizer. Plant height and number of leaves at 6 MST had average values according to the variety description, i.e. 25-44 cm for plant height and 14-50 for number of leaves. Furthermore, slow release fertilizer (SRF) with activated bentonite matrix in this study can be used to reduce the dose of Urea given by up to 100%.

Effectivity Of Entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae On Fall Army Worm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

2025-05-10T16:48:51+00:00

Fall Armyworm (FAW) or armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major pest of corn plants that was first discovered in West Pasaman, Indonesia since 2019. Spodoptera frugiperda causes the highest damage in the larval phase. Symptoms of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae attack on corn plants with elongated holes (window panes) and signs of sawdust-like feces on the leaf surface. The level of damage can reach 100% if the population is not controlled. Therefore, environmentally friendly control can be carried out by utilizing fungi that cause insect pathogens, one of which is Metarhizium anisopliae. The purpose of this research was to examine the concentration of Metarhizium anisopliae on Spodoptera frugiperda instar 2 larvae in the laboratory. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Ecology and Plant Production, Faculty of Animal and Agriculture Science, Universitas Diponegoro, using a 4x5 monofactor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment based on concentration level of Metarhizium anisopliae (control negative, control positif (insecticide with the active ingredient deltamethrin) , conidia/ml). The results of the research showed that the highest larval mortality in the deltamethrin treatment was 71% with was 3 days, Metarhizium anisopliae had an of conidia/ml and the highest feeding in the deltamethrin wich was 80,45%. Deltamethrin treatment resulted in the highest mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda in a short time, while Metarhizium anisopliae was less effective and required a long time to infect the larvae.

Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Biofertilizer to Enhance the Growth and Yield of Shallots

2025-05-10T15:35:52+00:00

Shallots are an essential vegetable commodity in Indonesia, valued for their numerous benefits. With the increasing population, the demand for shallots continues to rise each year, necessitating enhanced production through improved cultivation techniques, particularly in fertilization. The research aimed to identify the optimal doses of nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizer to promote the growth and yield of shallots. The research employed a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with two treatment factors. The first factor consisted of nitrogen fertilizer at four levels: N1 (50 kg/ha), N2 (100 kg/ha), N3 (150 kg/ha), and N4 (200 kg/ha). The second factor involved biofertilizer at three levels: B1 (0 ml/l), B2 (5 ml/l), and B3 (10 ml/l). The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers per plant, number of bulbs per plant, fresh weight of bulbs per plant, bulb diameter, leaf greenness level, and stomata density. The results indicated that there was no interaction between the nitrogen fertilizer doses and the concentrations of biofertilizer for any of the parameters measured. The optimal dose of nitrogen fertilizer was found to be 50 kg/ha, which significantly increased bulb diameter, fresh bulb weight, and the number of bulbs per plant. On the other hand, the application of biofertilizer showed no significant effect on any of the growth and yield parameters, with concentrations of up to 10 ml/l not yielding notable results.

Effectiveness of secondary metabolites fungi Lecanicillium saksenae for Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in laboratory

2025-05-06T03:00:53+00:00

Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has successfully invaded and spread to almost all provinces in Indonesia which can have a significant impact on corn production. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of secondary metabolites of Lecanicillium saksenae on feeding ability and growth period of S. frugiperda. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RCBD) consisting of two factors consisting of 10 treatment combinations. The first factor is the concentration of secondary metabolites of L. saksenae consisting of a concentration of 0% (control) (K0), 10% (K1), 20% (K2), 30% (K3), and synthetic insecticides (with active ingredients emamectin benzoate and lufenuron) 1 ml/L (K4). The second factor is the application method consisting of the spraying method on the larvae (A1) and feed dipping (A2). Each treatment was repeated three times so that there were 30 experimental units. Data were analyzed using the F test with a 5% error rate, if it showed a significant difference, then it was further tested using DMRT at a 5% error rate. The results showed that secondary metabolites of L. saksenae at a concentration of 30% with the method of spraying on larvae and dipping feed caused decreased feeding ability of 36.71% and 37.89%, and inhibited the growth of larvae 39.73% and 37.90%, pupae 82.91% and 83.35%, and imago 84.54% and 71.52%.

Molecular Identification and Genetic Analysis of the Virus Causing Yellow Leaf Disease in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Padang and Pariaman, West Sumatra

2025-05-10T15:18:08+00:00

One of the major challenges in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production in Padang and Pariaman, West Sumatra, is the prevalence of yellow leaf disease, which is caused by plant viral infections. The incidence of this disease in eggplant crops in these regions reaches up to 90%, with a severity level of approximately 53.08%. This study aims to identify the causative virus of yellow leaf disease in eggplant plants in Padang and Pariaman and to determine the phylogenetic relationship of the virus with other yellow leaf-inducing viruses previously reported in the GenBank database. The research involved several stages: field observation and symptom description of yellowing leaves, viral RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, DNA isolation, and DNA amplification (PCR) using specific primers. The CMV 1F/CMV 1R primers (650 bp) were used to detect viruses in the Cucumovirus group, MJ1/MJ2 primers (320 bp) for the Potyvirus group, and SPG1/SPG2 primers (912 bp) for the Geminivirus group. Genomic sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis were then conducted to determine the genetic relationships of the identified virus. Field observations in Marunggi, Kuranji, and Sitoga villages identified eggplant plants showing typical symptoms of Geminiviridae infection. Molecular identification using PCR confirmed the presence of a geminivirus (912 bp) as the causative agent of the yellow leaf disease. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the geminivirus identified in Padang is closely related to the Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCVKaV) from Thailand, with a nucleotide similarity of 95.30%. Nucleotide sequence characterization of surrounding weed species indicated the presence of a virus closely related to Tomato yellow leaf curl New Delhi virus, with a high similarity of 97.03%.The virus responsible for yellow leaf disease in eggplant plants in Padang and Pariaman, West Sumatra, was identified as a Geminivirus belonging to the family Geminiviridae. This virus is closely related to the Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCVKaV) from Thailand.

Assessment of fertility status of paddy fields in Bajo District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi

2025-06-14T00:54:25+00:00

Soil fertility is the ability of soil to provide sufficient, evenly distributed and balanced nutrients to support optimal and sustainable plant growth and development. The ability of soil to provide nutrients sometimes cannot be fulfilled in the process of plant metabolism. Declining soil fertility due to intensive land use causes depletion of nutrients in the soil. The research objectives (1) to determine the status of soil fertility and limiting factors on paddy fields in Bajo District, Luwu Regency; (2) to determine the direction of management of paddy field fertility in Bajo District, Luwu Regency. The research method used was descriptive exploratory through field surveys and laboratory soil tests. Sampling of paddy field soil was determined purposively sampling each grid. The results of the analysis of the fertility status of paddy fields in Bajo District, Luwu Regency in the low category. The limiting factors, namely base saturation, P₂O₅, K₂O, and C-organic, have an important role in determining soil fertility. Efforts to manage the fertility of paddy fields are the addition of macro nutrients through phosphorus fertilisation, potassium and the addition of organic matter to reduce soil degradation, maintain soil fertility and increase optimal production.

Optimizing in vitro multiplication of the Wonosobo local clone of ramie using apical shoots and thidiazuron

2025-05-10T14:37:41+00:00

The availability of planting material becomes the most common problem in crop cultivation. Particularly, the crops such as ramie that planting material mainly come from vegetative part. Therefore, the advanced technique needed such as in vitro culture. The multiplication stage success in in vitro culture is influenced by factors such as planting material and plant growth regulators (PGRs). Apical shoots are commonly used as explants in in vitro culture, and thidiazuron, a cytokinin, is frequently used. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentrations of thidiazuron on in vitro ramie shoot multiplication. This study was conducted at the Seed Technology Tissue Culture Laboratory Universitas Padjadjaran. Apical shoots from the Wonosobo clone of ramie were used as explants and cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium. The culture was then stored in a culture room with 16 hours per day lighting. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments and four replications was applied. The treatments consisted of thidiazuron concentrations: 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.175 ppm. The results showed that the addition of thidiazuron significantly affected bud break and the number of shoots. Thidiazuron accelerated shoot emergence by an average of 6 days and increased the number of shoots by 12.02% in the 0.075 ppm treatment. Thidiazuron significantly influenced the multiplication of ramie shoots. The optimal concentration for shoot multiplication was 0.075 ppm, which enhanced the number of shoots and accelerated shoot emergence.

PATHOGENICITY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI Beauveria bassiana ON ARMYWORM LARVAE (Spodoptera litura)

2025-05-10T14:06:49+00:00

Introduction : Spodoptera litura is a polyphagous pest that attacks various types of plants, especially in the Brassicaceae family. Intensive use of synthetic chemical pesticides has a negative impact on the environment, pest resistance, and resurgence in non-target organisms. Control techniques that are more environmentally friendly are an alternative in pest control such as the use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration level of Beauveria bassiana fungus that is effective on Spodoptera litura mortality. Methods : The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Production, Faculty of Animal and Agriculture, Diponegoro University, using a monofactor experiment with a 4x5 completely randomized design (CRD). Application of Beauveria bassiana fungus by dipping Spodoptera litura larvae in suspensions according to concentration levels (control, 10⁴, 10⁶, and 10⁸ conidia/ml). Results : The results showed that the highest larval mortality reached 7%, the highest larval feeding inhibition reached 22,85%, the fastest incubation period of Beauveria bassiana was 117.5 hours, the LC₅₀ value was 10¹² conidia/ml and the LT₅₀ was 18,5 days. Conclusion : The use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beuveria bassiana with a concentration of 10⁸ conidia/ml can produce mortality of 6%.

Keywords : beauveria bassiana, spodoptera litura, mortality

Identification and Distribution of Fruit Flies in Chili Cultivation in Kendal Regency

2025-05-10T13:16:18+00:00

Fruit flies are a common pest in horticultural crops, particularly in chili plants, where they can cause severe damage, it cause significant losses to chili plants of up to 50-100%. This research was conducted to identify the species and distribution patterns of fruit flies present in chili plantations in Kendal Regency. The study was conducted in Gempol, Ngesrepbalong, Limbangan District, Kendal Regency and continued with identification at the Ecology and Biosystematics Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University and the Animal, Fish and Plant Quarantine Center of Central Java. The study was conducted with a monofactor experiment of attractant type treatment and 2 treatment levels, namely Methyl Eugenol (M1) and Clove Oil (M2). Results indicated that traps with methyl eugenol attracted 2,456 fruit flies, while traps with clove oil failed to capture any. There are three species identified, with the following proportions: Bactrocera dorsalis (81.6%), Bactrocera carambolae (11.4%), and Bactrocera umbrosa (7.0%). The highest absolute attack rate occurred at 108 days after planting (DAP) in the clove oil treatment (M2), with 260 plants affected, the lowest attack rate was recorded in the methyl eugenol treatment (M1) at 96 DAP with 95 attacked plants. Relative attack intensity was also highest in the clove oil group at 34.93% (medium category) and lowest in the methyl eugenol group at 19% (low category). The dominant species found in the area was Bactrocera dorsalis, although overall fruit fly distribution was not uniform, while the distribution of fruit flies in the area is uneven.

The Effect Of Mixing Concentrations Of Raw Materials: Coconut Fibre, Banana Fronds, And Water Hyacinth On The Content Of Carbon, Nitrogen, Phospor, And Potassium (CPNK) And Biodegradation In Organic Mulch Sheet Planting Media.

2025-05-10T13:02:04+00:00

This study investigates the potential of agricultural biomass waste, including coconut fibre, banana fronds, and water hyacinth to produce organic sheet mulch with optimal Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (CPNK) content and biodegradation properties. By evaluating the effect of mixing concentrations of raw materials, this research aims to develop a sustainable and eco-friendly planting medium that supports sustainable agriculture. : This study used a Randomised Group Design (RCD) with nine treatment variations and three replications to investigate the effects of mixing raw material concentrations on the properties of organic mulch sheets. Experimental data were analyzed using the SPSS 16 Two-Way Analysis of Variance method and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine significant differences in organic mulch sheet parameters, the properties of the organic mulch sheets, including moisture content, ash content, and biodegradability. In addition, the CPNK test was conducted to characterize the organic mulch sheets further. The optimal treatment will be identified using the Zeleny method. The results showed that the biodegradability ranged from 26.68% to 50.38%, C- organic at 57.8%, N-total at 0.355%, Phospor at 0.531%, and Potassium at 0.8355%. The organic sheet mulch developed in this study is a promising eco-friendly planting medium that supports sustainable agriculture. The findings provide a foundation for future research on biodegradable mulch materials

Analysis of Taro (Colacasia esculenta L.) Cultivation System in South Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province

2025-05-10T11:23:20+00:00

Taro (Colacasia esculenta L.) is a tuber crop contains high carbohydrates and grows widely in tropical and subtropical. In Indonesia, this plant is utilized as an alternative and functional food. The purpose of this study was to describe the taro cultivation system practiced by local farmers in South Manokwari Regency, West Papua and to identify factors that influence the taro cultivation system. The research method used is descriptive method with qualitative approach to understand the description of taro cultivation system in South Manokwari district. The approach of cultivation system indicators includes cropping patterns, cultivation management, cultivation production, constraints faced and the sustainability of taro cultivation system. The results showed that there are two types of taro cultivation systems in southern Manokwari district, namely monoculture and polyculture. The mixed polyculture taro cultivation system is more widely applied and is more suitable and efficient because it increases land productivity and ecological stability in reducing pest and disease attacks.

Anatomical Studies of Canna Hybrida in Rejang Lebong District Bengkulu Province

2025-05-10T01:36:02+00:00

Anatomy is the study of plant cells and tissues. Anatomical variations in plants have specific characters that can be used to distinguish between species, particularly diverse and distinctive plant species. Cannaceae is the only genus of Canna. The center of origin of Canna from South America and cultivated in the tropics. C. hybrida is widely cultivated by the community, especially in Rejang Lebong District, Bengkulu Province as an ornamental plant. There is no data on the anatomy of Canna hybrida. This research aims to provide information about the anatomical study of C.hybrida in Rejang Lebong District, Bengkulu Province. This research used the exploration method. The results of the study found that the anatomical study of C. hybrida stomata is paracytic type, the type of parenchyma is aerenchyma, and the type of pollen grains are spherical, echinate, omniaperturate.

HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMATRAN ELEPHANTS (Elephas maximus sumatranus) IN BULUH CINA NATURE PARK, KAMPAR REGENCY, RIAU

2025-05-10T01:31:03+00:00

Bulu Cina Nature Park (TWA) is conservation area located in Kampar Regency, Riau. Selection habitat characteristics of Sumatran Elephants can be done by considering various factors such as canopy cover, food availability, water availability as a drinking source. The study aimed to determine habitat characteristics of Sumatran Elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Buluh Cina Nature Park (TWA). This research was conducted in July - August 2024. Data collection in observing habitat characteristics of Sumatran Elephant using purposive sampling method and analyzed qualitatively. Buluh Cina Nature Park (TWA) has a land elevation of 35 above sea level with a land slope of about 15% or 8^o. Habitat characteristics in Buluh Cina Nature Park (TWA) are composed of secondary forest areas that still have various types of plants (Calamus manan (Rattan), Phyllostachys aurea (Bambu Pancing), Ipomea lacunose (Bintang Putih) and Carex sylvatica (Grasses)) and can be used as the main food for elephants. TWA Buluh Cina area has moderate canopy cover that is used as a place for elephants to take shelter from the sun and there are many puddles (where elephants wallow) and water sources.

Symptoms and Infestation Levels of the Emerging Coffee Leaf Miner Pest in Bandung Regency

2025-05-09T22:54:01+00:00

The coffee leaf miner is an emerging threat to coffee cultivation in Bandung, West Java. Despite its potential impact, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding the identity and ecology of leaf-mining insect species affecting coffee plants in this region. To address this issue, a research initiative was conducted to document the occurrence, distribution, and impact of leaf miners in coffee plantations within Bandung Regency. The objectives of the study were to characterize the symptoms of infestation and quantify the extent of foliar damage under field conditions. Study sites were selected through purposive sampling, based on reports from local coffee farmers regarding suspected leaf miner activity. Damage intensity was assessed using a standardized scoring system, while damage severity was quantified using a systematic diagonal sampling method. The survey confirmed the presence of leaf miners belonging to the family Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera), representing the first recorded incidence of this group affecting coffee crops in the Bandung region. All coffee plants surveyed in the study plots exhibited signs of infestation, with the maximum recorded mean damage severity reaching 25% leaf area loss. These findings enhance the understanding of leaf miner pest dynamics in Indonesian coffee agroecosystems and offer a valuable reference for the development of targeted monitoring systems and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.

Effect of Silica Sand Addition in Fluidized Bed Reactor on Productivity and Efficiency of Struvite Crystal Formation

2025-05-09T13:28:28+00:00

Introduction: This research is motivated by liquid waste containing phosphate and ammonium, which can pollute waters. Struvite crystallization in a fluidized bed reactor is a solution because it can reduce pollutants and produce fertilizer, but still needs to increase efficiency and productivity. Struvite itself is an environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer. This study aims to examine the effect of the addition of silica sand on the efficiency and productivity of struvite formation.

Methods: Uniform the size of silica sand using a ball mill operated for 30 minutes at 80 rpm, then sieved using mesh 50. Na2HPO4 as a phosphate source, NH₄Cl as an ammonium source, and MgCl₂ as a Magnesium source. NaOH or HCL as acid base solution. There are two factors, namely the addition of silica and fluid flow velocity. The analysis carried out is the productivity and efficiency of struvite crystal formation.

Results: The diameter of silica sand is 2,97 x 10^-4 m. The maximum and minimum velocities of fluid flow with the addition of silica sand are 0.0034 m/s and 0.0102 m/s. The highest productivity and efficiency were 121.9 g/L and 88.15% with the combination of silica sand addition factor and flow velocity of 0.0034 m/s.

Conclusions: The addition of silica sand and using minimum speed in the struvite crystal formation process can increase the productivity and efficiency of struvite crystals. Flow velocity determines the transportation of ions to the crystal surface, the maximum speed allows the newly formed crystal nucleus to break

Antagonistic Test of Streptomyces sp. Against The Growth Of Pestalotiopsis sp. The Causal Agent Of Rubber Leaf Fall Diseases In Vitro

2025-05-09T07:57:21+00:00

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) plays a significant role in Indonesia's economy. However, its production has declined due to several factors, one of which is the leaf fall diseases caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. This disease infects all rubber clones, reducing latex yield up to 45%. Therefore, sustainable yet effective and efficient control methods are needed. One of the methods is biocontrol using antagonistic microorganisms. A potential biocontrol agent is the bacterium from the genus Streptomyces, known for producing antibiotic compounds. This study aims to investigate the initial potential of Streptomyces sp. to inhibit the growth of Pestalotiopsis sp. in vitro. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed, including four treatments, each replicated five times, two petri dishes per experimental unit and the dual culture method. Results showed that different Streptomyces sp. isolates were capable of inhibiting the growth of Pestalotiopsis sp., with the highest inhibition observed in isolate PTJ at 50.66%, producing a clear zone of 19.5 mm, with the lowest in isolate PPT at 23.98%. An overgrowth mechanism was also observed, where Pestalotiopsis sp. hyphae grow over Streptomyces sp. Furthermore, Streptomyces sp. not only has the potential to suppress plant diseases but also to enhance plant growth, including height, weight, and leaf numbers. Future research is recommended to explore in vivo potential of Streptomyces sp. in inhibiting Pestalotiopsis sp., the causal agent of rubber leaf fall disease.

Resistance Test Of Several Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Against Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)

2025-05-09T07:57:18+00:00

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a great staple crop in Asia, particularly in Indonesia, where it serves as a primary source of carbohydrates. One of the major challenges to rice cultivation is bacterial leaf blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). To address this issue, effective and environmentally sustainable control strategies, such as the development and use of resistant varieties are essential. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of several rice varieties to bacterial leaf blight. Research was conducted at the Phytopathology Laboratory and Greenhouse, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Plant Protection Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, including five rice varieties (Mayang, Pandak, Karang Dukuh, Siam Madu Murakarta, and Siam Marli) and control. Each treatment was replicated four times, and each control was replicated twice, resulting in a total of 30 experimental buckets. The variables assessed included disease incubation period and disease intensity. Karang Dukuh variety exhibited the longest incubation period (9.48 days), while Siam Marli had the shortest (7.10 days). After three weeks of observation, the final disease intensity values are as follows: Mayang 1.51%, Pandak 1.55%, Karang Dukuh 1.05%, Siam Madu Murakarta 1.09%, and Siam Marli 1.77%. This result indicate that all tested varieties fall within the resistant category.

Effect of Lecithin on the Physical and Organoleptic Properties of Steamed Sponge

2025-05-08T15:07:47+00:00

Lecithin is a group of fatty compounds that can be found in soybeans. Lecithin can function as a natural emulsifier and antioxidant. This research aims to improve the performance of steamed sponge on its physical, organoleptic characteristics and cost of production. The method used was a factorial Complete Random Design with two factors of comparing eggs and soy milk (100:0, 75:25, 50:50) and the addition of soy lecithin (2%, 4%). The data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA at a real level of 5%, followed by DMRT if there was a real influence. The results showed that soy milk had a real effect on Lightness, Hue Angle, Chroma while the addition of lecithin affected Chroma and Lightness. The interaction of the two had a significant effect on Lightness, Hue Angle and organoleptic tests showed that there was a significant difference in organoleptic color, aroma, texture, taste and overall. The cost of production from making steamed sponge using soy milk and lecithin is the highest preference level for T2L1 treatment of Rp. 24,512.63/baking sheet.

Comparison of Growth Rate and Density of Gastropoda in the Intertidal Zone

2025-05-08T15:06:32+00:00

The intertidal zone, the smallest area in the ocean located between high and low tides, exhibits the greatest variation in environmental factors. Seagrass ecosystems influence biological and physical processes in coastal areas. Gastropods are among the biota found in seagrass areas, both on the surface and within sediments. This review employs a literature study technique, compiling articles from international journals over the past decade on the growth rate and population density of gastropods, using the ScienceDirect database with relevant keywords. Articles were analyzed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The maximum body size and density of gastropods from three populations were measured using a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm and converted to density per square meter. Growth rate testing was conducted through mark-recapture methods every two months over a year. Three populations of Nerita japonica showed significant variation in maximum body size and density. The S3U population ceased growth at a small size, S3I at a medium size, and R1 at a large size. The density of N. japonica was lower on open rocky shores compared to sheltered shores, similar to the pattern observed in Nerita atramentosa. This study demonstrates that the growth rate of N. japonica can vary even over small geographic distances, reflecting differences in maximum body size and the diversity of fundamental species characteristics that influence their way of life.

Application Of Mulch and Organic Fertilizer To Increase Growth and Yield Of Eggplant Plants (Solanum melongena L.)

2025-05-08T14:22:07+00:00

This research aims to determine the effect of the type of organic mulch and the dose of manure on the growth and production of eggplants. This research was carried out in Mohoni Village, East Petasia District, North Morowali Regency. The research was carried out from September to November 2020. In this research, a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) was used, consisting of two factors. The first factor is the application of several types of organic mulch, consisting of: without mulch (Mo), empty oil palm bunch mulch (M1); rice straw mulch (M2), and corn straw mulch (M3). The second factor of application of various doses of cow manure consists of: without manure (D0), 10 t/ha (D1); 20 tons/ha (D2); and 30 tons/ha (D3). The research results showed (1) There was no significant interaction between the type of organic mulch treatment and the dose of manure on the growth and yield of eggplant; (2) Rice straw mulch provides higher growth and yield of eggplant and is significantly different from without mulch, but not different from empty palm fruit bunch mulch and corn straw, and (3) A dose of 10 tons/ha of manure produces growth and yield of eggplant plants. higher and significantly different from without application of cow manure, but not significantly different from doses of 20 t/ha and 30 t/ha.

Characterization of activated micro biochar form rice husk pyrolysis with hydrochloric acid solution activation

2025-05-08T14:04:29+00:00

Rice husk is the result of rice grain milling which is obtained around 20-30% of the initial weight. This high percentage of husk waste has the potential to be processed into activated biochar because it is rich in organic materials, especially carbon. Activated biochar is a porous material with a large surface area, so it can be utilized for various applications. This study aims to analyze the influence between 2 factors, namely variations in HCl activator concentration (1M, 1.5M, 2M) and soaking time (12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours) on rice husk biochar. After that, characterization was carried out which included testing water content, ash content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, iodine number, yield, and BET surface area. The best treatment was also subjected to FTIR test and determined using the zeleny method. The results showed that rice husk biochar has a moisture content between 1.12%-2.24%, ash content between 48.45%-50.01%, volatile substance content between 11.65%-16.23%, fixed carbon content between 34.20%-40.66%, iodine number between 325.18mg/g-470.98mg/g, yield between 81.34%-87.42%, and BET surface area between 358.61m²/g-519.40m²/g. Biochar with the best characteristics was obtained in the treatment of 2M HCl Concentration and 24 hours of soaking time.The treatment has characteristics of moisture content of 1.20%, ash content of 48.62%, volatile matter content of 11.65%, bound carbon content of 40.66%, iodine number of 470.98mg/g. This study highlights the physico-chemical properties of biochar with potential for further applications in agricultural technology, waste treatment, and as an eco-friendly material.

Antagonist Test Of Streptomyces sp. Against Colletotrichum Sp. From Several Chili Varieties In Vitro

2025-05-09T07:54:11+00:00

Chili plants are horticultural commodities that play an important role in Indonesia's economic
development. Low chili plant production could be the consequents of anthracnose disease
(Colletotrichum sp.) with symptoms of the dry shrinked and blackening of the fruits. Up to this date,
chemical control with pestiside are the most widely used. Excessive use of chemical pesticides can
led to environmetal pollution and ecosystem damage. Therefore, biological control that organic and
safe for the environment were applied. The antagonistic agents in the form of Streptomyces sp. were
employed as one of the way to suppress pathogen growth. The study aimed to determine the potential
of Streptomyces sp. in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum sp. from several chili varieties. A
Completely Randomized Design method was used, with 3 treatments (large chili, curly chili and
cayenne pepper) and 6 replications. Chili fruit exhibited the anthracnose symptoms was isolated and
Colletotrichum sp infection was validated. Furthermore, antagonistic tests were carried out against
Streptomyces sp. against the pathogen, three isolates are antagonistic as indicated by the interaction
of mechanism in the form of antibiosis produced by bacteria in inhibiting the pathogen that causes
anthracnose disease. The result show that CR isolate has 50.13% inhibition. This is significantly
different from the other two isolates, CB and CK, with 34.49% and 30.34% inhibition.

The Characteristics Of Rendang Lokan Based On House Of Quality (HOQ)

2025-05-08T13:54:09+00:00

House of Quality (HOQ) is one of the main planning tools used in Quality Function Deployment (QFD). This study aims to improve the quality of rendang lokan products at Oswari Food MSMEs based on House of Quality (HOQ). The research method used is QFD which is arranged in the HOQ matrix. The number of initial questionnaires was 20 respondents used to determine the main questionnaire, while the number of respondents in the main questionnaire was 90 respondents. The results of the study showed that there were 10 attributes that were expected by consumers in buying rendang lokan products, namely taste, packaging, information services, product availability, price, texture, shelf life, aroma, lokan size, and color. Analysis of the level of importance of the rendang lokan attribute in the first place was taste with an average value of 4.87. Analysis of the level of consumer satisfaction of rendang lokan Oswari Food in the first place was the taste attribute with an average value of 4.35. Based on the HOQ matrix analysis, it shows that the product attributes that are a priority for improvement are packaging, information services, and price. Meanwhile, the technical parameters that are a priority for improvement are formulation and composition, raw materials of lokan, and packaging. This study also provides recommendations for improving the quality of packaging attributes, information services, and prices.

Arthropods Diversity on Sugar Palm Plantation with Vegetation Addition Refugia Flowering Plants

2025-05-08T11:51:26+00:00

Arthropods abundance is one of the factors that affect the growth of sugar palm plants. This study aims to examine the diversity of arthropods in sugar palm plantations that include several types of refugia plants, such as Zinnia elegans and Ruellia tuberosa. This research was conducted from June to September 2024 in the Wak Uban sugar palm plantation in Ulak Segelung Village, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. Arthropod identification and analysis activities were conducted in the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. Traps were set to obtain arthropods species using the Yellow Sticky Trap, Sweep Net, Pitfall Trap and Light Trap. The method used in this research is Purposive Random Sampling using five refugia flowers per plot, and consists of 7 plots. Several arthropods that have a positive impact, such as Eurema hecabe, Apis cerana, Ceriagrion auranticum, Trigona sp., Trigosa anexa, Collembola, Cleon dipterum, and several other arthropods, are found in sugar palm plantations. Based on the data obtained, the diversity index (H') of arthropods in medium criteria (1< H' < 3). The value of the Evenness Index (E) is more than 0,6 (e ≥ 0,6), which means that the evenness of arthropods in sugar palm plantations is high. The arthropod dominance index is low (C > 0.5), suggesting no single species dominates the community. The presence of diverse distributed arthropod populations with low dominance indicates a stable and balanced ecological environment in the sugar palm plantation.

The Impact Of Ethylene Application On Ripe Chili Fruits During Storage

2025-05-08T07:57:04+00:00

Chili is widely consumed fresh. The deterioration of chili fruit during storage was caused by respiration, decreasing water content, mechanical damage, microbial activity, and ethylene hormone activity. This study was aimed to determine the impact of ethylene application on the quality of chili fruit during storage. Ripe chili fruit (Capsicum annuum c.v. Neno) was used as genetic material. Treatments were applied in a completely randomized clock design with three replications. Chili fruits were harvested at 80% maturity level. The fruits were dipped in ethylene solution with concentrations: 500 and 1000 ppm for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The treated chili fruits were stored for six days. Observations were conducted on fruit length, fruit stalk length, fruit weight, fruit flesh thickness, and weight loss. The results showed that exogenous ethylene application to ripe chili fruit at a low dose (500 ppm) did not affect weight loss at one week of storage. However, the application of 1000 ppm for 120 minutes increased the weight loss on the fourth day of storage. This study proves that exogenous ethylene application cannot spontaneously increase ethylene synthesis in non-climacteric fruits.

Effectiveness Beauveria bassiana as Pest Control Spodoptera frugiperda on Sweet Corn

2025-05-07T03:45:47+00:00

Spodoptera frugiperda is the main pest that attacks corn plants so control efforts need to be made. One alternative control method is using entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bb). In this research, mushrooms were used B. bassiana against larvae S. frugiperda. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of B. bassiana in handling S. frugiperda in sweet corn plantations. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Treatment uses a concentration of 10², 10^4,10⁶and 10⁸mushrooms B. bassiana and as a comparison, namely sterile water which acts as control 1 and chemical insecticide as control 2 in this study. Research observations were carried out for 7 weeks. The results of this research indicate that the average percentage of plants attacked by entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana own ability to suppress population S. frugiperda at a concentration of 10⁶and 10⁸namely 20.53 and 21. And the average percentage of attack intensity at a concentration of 10⁶and 10⁸ namely 2.28 and 3.2.

Diversity And Infestation Intensity Of Bactrocera Spp. In Local Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) Varieties In West Sumatra

2025-05-07T03:29:57+00:00

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an essential horticultural product in West Sumatra both commercially and culturally,. Sadly, its output has experienced a substantial decline recently, primarily as a result of increased biotic pressures, particularly from tephritid fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.). This study aimed to clarify the diversity and infestation intensity of Bactrocera species, as well as their correlation with regional chili types and four important chili-producing regencies. Using morphological taxonomic keys, species were identified during the October 2024 to March 2025 period by extensive field surveys and Lynfield trapping techniques. Three species of Bactrocera were identified: B. umbrosa (0.3%), B. carambolae (0.8%), and B. dorsalis (98.9% of all catches). Across all sites, the species composition showed substantial pest dominance, especially of B. dorsalis, but low overall biodiversity. Agam had the most diversity, although Simpson, Evenness, and Shannon diversity indices differed by location. Strong positive correlations between B. dorsalis density and infestation rates of both plants (r = 0.70) and fruit (r = 0.68). Likewise, there were notable positive relationships between altitude and infection intensity (plant r = 0.88; fruit r = 0.73), indicating that mid- to high-altitude study zones had higher levels of pest activity. Kuhay showed significant resilience, but Rawit and Keriting were the most susceptible of the four chili types. These results emphasize the necessity of incorporating agroecological context and varietal resistance into targeted integrated pest management (IPM) methods for upland chili systems, as well as the dominance of B. dorsalis as a pest concern.

Growth and Yield of Melon at Various Concentrations and Applications KNO3 with Drip Hydroponic System

2025-05-08T15:22:04+00:00

Increasing melon production can pursued hydroponic cultivation with drip irrigation system and potassium nitrate
(KNO3) fertilizer to improve the growth and quality melon. This research aimed to investigate the effects of varying
concentrations and applications of KNO3 on the growth and yield of melons within a hydroponic system. The study
was conducted in a screen house in Pasir Kulon Village, Karanglewas District, Banyumas Regency, and at the
Laboratory of Agronomy and Horticulture at Jenderal Soedirman University. A Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) was utilized, incorporating two factors: the concentration of KNO3 and the application of KNO3. The
research data were analyzed using an F-test, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5%
significance level. Results indicated that a KNO3 concentration of 6 g/L provided the best growth and yield in the
variables of fresh weight per plant (y = 13.895x + 492.03), dry weight per plant (y = 1.93x + 47.843), fruit weight per
plant (y = 0.035x + 0.9783), and fruit sweetness (y = 0.5167x + 13.57). The application of KNO3 provided the best
growth and yield in the variables of fresh weight per plant (y = 126.92x + 343.33), dry weight per plant (y = 11.85x +
35.86), and fruit sweetness (y = 0.23x + 14.77). The combination of KNO3 fertilizer at a concentration of 6 g/L, used
with the pouring method, was the most effective for increasing both fruit sweetness (y = 1,875x + 11,483).

Symptoms of Aphid Infestation on Oil Palm Plants in the Main Nursery at the Experimental Garden of Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Banyuasin Campus.

2025-05-06T03:11:47+00:00

Aphids are small insects that feed on plant sap and serve as pests as well as vectors for diseases and viruses in plants. The objective of this research is to identify the symptoms of aphid infestation and the damage caused by this pest in the main nursery operation conducted at the Experimental Garden of Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Banyuasin campus. This study was carried out from February to April 2024. The observed variables include plant height, stem diameter, and the length of the 5th and 6th leaf stalks. The results of this research indicate that the symptoms of infestation manifest as color changes in the leaves. The affected leaves exhibit pale yellow spots or streaks. The pest population increased significantly during the observation period, particularly from days 15 to 20. This pest attack resulted in an average reduction in plant height of 25.76 cm, with a height range of 21.5 to 31.5 cm. Additionally, there was an average decrease in stem diameter of 0.81 cm, with a diameter range of 0.45 to 1.15 cm. However, the infested plants displayed a longer length of the 5th leaf stalk compared to non-infested plants, averaging 13.87 cm, with a length variation between 5 to 23.2 cm.

Response of New Superior Rice Varieties to Integrated Cultivation Technology in the Karangsambung Agroecosystem

2025-05-07T02:19:23+00:00

This study aims to examine the growth response and results of several new superior varieties (VUB) of paddy rice to the application of integrated cultivation technology in the Karangsambung Agroecosystems. Integrated cultivation technology is an agronomic approach that combines superior variety selection, balanced fertilization, efficient water management, and integrated pest and disease control.

The study was organized using a Complete Group Random Design with four replicates. Cultivation techniques are carried out according to the instructions for the application of integrated technology. Observations were made on the characteristics of agronomic diversity and results.

The results of the variant analysis showed that there were differences between the varieties tested in the result character, the number of seedlings, the flowering age of 50%, the number of empty grains per panicle and seed set and did not show any real differences in the other characters.

Inpari 44 (6.8 tons/ha), Bawor (6.55 tons/ha), Inpari 43 (6.5 tons/ha) and Inpari 32 (6.15 tons/ha) showed a higher adaptation than the Ciherang comparative variety (6.1 tons/ha) Agroecosystems karangsambung

Keywords 3-5 words: Agroecosystems, integrated technology, rice paddies, superior varieties

Assessment of fertility status of paddy fields in Bajo District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi

2025-05-07T00:29:49+00:00

Response of Shame Plant Root PGPR Strain To Water Shock on Shallot

2025-05-06T03:02:53+00:00

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a type of tuber that is familiar to the Indonesian people because of its distinctive properties, taste, and aroma. however, in 2023 production declined in Banten Province. Factors causing are erratic climate and insufficient nutrient fulfillment. One of the efforts that can be made is the use of organic fertilizers such as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) based on mimosa roots. This study aims to determine the response of shame plant root PGPR to water stress in shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) variety Bima Brebes. The research method used is a group randomized design consisting of two factors, namely the concentration of PGPR shame plant root and watering interval. The first factor is the concentration of PGPR shame plant root which consists of four concentrations, namely 0ml/L, 12.5ml/L, 25ml/L, and 37.5ml/L. The second factor is the watering interval which consists of three intervals, namely once a day, 1 day 2 times, and every 2 days. The results showed that the concentration of PGPR of shame plant root at 37.5 ml/L gave the best effect on the parameters of plant height, root length, and tuber wet weight. At a watering interval of 2 days, the best effect was on the number of tillers per clump and tuber wet weight. There was no interaction between PGPR concentration of shame plant root and watering interval on plant height, number of leaves per clump, number of tillers per clump, root length, tuber wet weight, and tuber dry weight.

The Effect of Hydroponic Nutrient Solution Treatments on the Vegetative Growth of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

2026-01-29T05:34:57+00:00

This study aims to determine the effect of applying AB Mix hydroponic nutrient solution on the vegetative growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The method used was a simple experiment with two treatments: plants given AB Mix solution and control plants without nutrients, both grown using rockwool media in a static hydroponic system. The research was conducted from March to April 2025 in the yard of a house located on Bengkulu City. The observed parameters included plant height and number of leaves on day 1 after planting (DAP) and day 16 DAP. The results showed that plants treated with AB Mix experienced better growth compared to the control. The average plant height in the AB Mix treatment reached 16.85 cm, while the control only reached 14.55 cm. The number of leaves in the AB Mix group ranged from 8 to 10, while the control group only produced 4 to 7 leaves. These data indicate that the macro and micronutrients contained in the AB Mix solution play an important role in supporting vegetative plant growth. The conclusion of this study is that the application of AB Mix nutrient solution significantly enhances the growth of water spinach compared to untreated plants, and its use is recommended in hydroponic cultivation, both at household and commercial scales.

Toxicity of Nano emulsions of Clove (Syzigium aromaticum L.) and Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Essential Oil Against Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith

2025-05-06T10:29:24+00:00

Spodoptera frugiperda is a significant maize pest that significantly reduces crop yields. Conventional control typically
involves chemical insecticides, which can lead to environmental harm and food safety concerns. Therefore, ecofriendly alternatives such as botanical insecticides are needed. This study evaluated the toxicity of nanoemulsions of
clove (Syzigium aromaticum) and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) essential oils against third-instar larvae of S.
frugiperda. The research methods included rearing S. frugiperda, extracting essential oils, formulating
nanoemulsions, and conducting toxicity tests. Analysis using Polo-PC showed that both LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ values
decreased over the observation period from 24 to 96 hours after treatment (HAT). For clove essential oil nano
emulsion, LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ values were 0.52% and 7.16% (24 HAT); 0.43% and 5.03% (48 HAT); 0.36% and 4.14%
(72 HAT); and 0.35% and 4.02% (96 HAT). For nutmeg essential oil nano emulsion, LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ values were
1.43% and 10.20% (24 HAT); 1.10% and 10.51% (48 HAT); 0.90% and 11.23% (72 HAT); and 0.60% and 6.06%
(96 HAT). Based on the LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ values, the study concludes that clove and nutmeg essential oil nanoemulsions
have potential as botanical insecticides against S. frugiperda larvae and offer a safer alternative for the environment
and human health.